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The People's Patriarch in His own words
:b42: :b42:
รูปภาพ

Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara
The People’s Patriarch
In His Own Words



Published by:
Wat Bovoranives Vihara
Bangkok 10200, Thailand

ISBN

Copyright @ 2014 Wat Bovoranives Vihara
Editor: Phra Shakyavongvisuddhi (Anil Sakya)
Design by Magic Productions Co.,Ltd.

Text derived from His Holiness’ written works:
What did the Buddha Teach, Rudiment of Mental Collectedness,
Faith in Buddhism, The Mind-city,
A Guide to Awareness and Miscelleneous articles



Printed in Thailand by
Salakarnpim Press, Salaya, Nokhorn Pathom


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Foreword

His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, the Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand passed away on Thursday evening at 7.30 pm on 24 October 2013 at the Vajiranyan Samaggibayabarn building, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The next day at noon, his body was transported in a motorcade from the hospital to Wat Bovoranives Vihara. Lines of military and police cadets, in white suits, lined up on both sides along Phra Sumen Road. Behind the lines of cadets were large groups of mourners. The motorcade procession of the holy body arrived at Wat Bovoranives Vihara at 1.20 pm. The Royal Guards carried the holy body in a procession from the gate to Tamnak Phetch to be enshrined in a back room of the Tamnak Phetch Royal Hall in order to perform a royal bathing ceremony.

Buddhists flocked to King Chulalongkorn Memorial hospital to pay their respects to His Holiness the day they heard of the news of his deteriorating health through the hospital’s first statement announced on 14 October 2013. The number of devotees who gathered at the hospital to follow up the news of His Holiness’ condition gradually increased day by day. On 24 October 2013 at around 8 pm the hospital issued the 9th statement announcing the demise of His Holiness at 7.30 pm. Devotees flocked to the hospital in very large numbers. At around 10 pm the hospital allowed mourners to pay their respects to the holy body in the room where His Holiness originally had passed away. After the body was enshrined at the Tamnak Phetch Royal Hall of Wat Bovoranives Vihara it was an unprecedented event to witness a large number of Buddhists who had gathered to pay respect in tens of thousands. It was surely a reflection of His Holiness’ perfection of Dhamma and unconditional loving-kindness that he expressed towards everyone from every walk of life throughout his life. Therefore, when he passed away, people from far and near couldn’t stay away and not visit or pay their respects to the holy body in order to show their gratitude for his unconditional loving-kindness and compassion encompassing the whole nation.

As a symbol of the legacy of His Holiness’ loving-kindness and compassion as well as to admire his contributions throughout his lifetime this small booklet is published to introduce his pictorial biography and his teachings. ‘Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, the Peoples’ Patriarch in his own words’ memorial booklet was published as a gift for devotees who came with their heartfelt sincerity to pay their respects to the late Supreme Patriarch of Thailand on the occasion of the royal merit-making ceremony to mark the 100th day of the passing away of His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, the Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand on 30-31 January 2014.


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A Brief Biography

His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara
The Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand
(Suvaḍḍhana Mahāthera, Charurn Gajavatra)


(3 October 1913-24 October 2013)
~

His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, the Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (Suvaḍḍhana Mahāthera) whose birth name was Charurn Gajavatra was born in Kanchanaburi Province, on 3rd October 1913 (B.E. 2456). His Holiness was ordained as a Buddhist monk at Wat Bovoranives Vihara on 15 February 1933 (B.E. 2476) by His Holiness Prince Kromma Luang Vajiranyanavamsa. His Holiness passed the ninth grade, the highest level of Pali examination as constituted by the Thai Sangha in 1941 (B.E. 2484) at Wat Bovoranives Vihara.

His Holiness had moved through the lines of ecclesiastical promotion. Firstly, he was promoted to the higher rapidly ecclesiastical Rajagana title in ordinary, Raja and Deva levels respectively with the same title name of Phra Sobhonganaphorn. After that, he was promoted to a higher ecclesiastical rank on the Dhamma level with the name of “PhraDhammavarabhorn,” before being given the title of PhraSasanasophon. Later on, he was bestowed the special title of Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, and finally consecrated as the Supreme Patriarch Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, Somdet Phra Sangharaja Sakalmahasangha-parinayaka on 21 April 1989 (B.E.2532). His Holiness is the 19th Supreme Patriarch of the Rattanakosin Period and head of both Mahanikaya and Dhammayut lineages.

An enthusiastic learner, His Holiness was keenly interested in education, especially language studies, since he was a Pali scholar. He had learned and mastered several languages, such as English, French, German, Chinese, and Sanskrit. His Holiness Prince Kromma Luang Vajiranyanavamsa, his preceptor, was concerned that he might be tempted to overindulge in secular education, and therefore had reminded him to allocate time for meditation. As a result, His Holiness had started practicing meditation ever since, and kept doing it consistently, making him a Mahathera who was knowledgeable in both Dhamma studies and practice.

As His Holiness was an expert in foreign languages, particularly English, he obtained modern knowledge through reading English books, of both secular and religious subjects, thus making him a visionary person who always caught up with what was happening in the country. That was a great benefit to his teaching and propagation of Buddhism. The religious books authored by His Holiness were up to date and timely for the people and circumstances of modern times. Apart from that, he also played a vital role in teaching the Dhamma to Thais and to foreigners alike. His Holiness had a far-sighted view on education. He was involved in the founding of Thailand’s first Buddhist University, “Mahamakut Buddhist University”, and initiated for the first time the Training Institute for Dhammaduta Bhikkhus Going Abroad.

Besides promoting education for all including the disabled, by establishing a total of 10 schools around the country, His Holiness performed as Head of a member of social Welfare Foundations. These included a foundation for the relief and care of leprosy patients, for the welfare and recovery of people with addictions, and established many scholarship funds for youth to promote and sustain their education. Most notably, His Holiness contributed to public welfare by constructing and running a total of 20 hospitals dotted around the country in remote locations.

All of these institutions including schools, welfare foundations and hospitals, are run on a charitable basis, free of charge for everyone.

His Holiness was the first senior monk who played a vital role for the propagation of Buddhism overseas. He presided over the opening ceremony of the first Thai temple in Europe, that is Wat Buddhapadipa in London. His Holiness brought Theravada Buddhism to Australia for the first time by establishing Wat Buddharangsee Temple in Sydney. He paid an official visit to Nepal to be the preceptor for Nepalese Sakya Novices. This had the effect of reviving the temporary ordination ceremony in modern Nepal. The Supreme Patriarch also developed a religious connection with His Holiness the Dalai Lama and become good friends, meeting many times for Dhamma exchanges. Besides, he was the first Sangharaja who was officially invited to the People’s Republic of China for the first time in its history.

His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara performed several tasks locally and internationally. He was both academic and Dhamma analyst, or what is called “Dhamma-vicaya”, to demonstrate that the Buddha Dhamma is applicable to all levels of mundane activities, from the most basic to the highest ones. His Holiness has composed more than 100 books, both in Thai and in English. His written works concerning the teachings of Buddhism at the beginning, intermediate and advanced levels, as well as a number of religious essays, all with great educational value.

In recognition of His Holiness’ exceptional capabilities, the value of his written compositions, and the multiple tasks he performed, many well-known national universities bestowed upon him hounorary doctorate degrees in various fields of education.

Apart from the duties associated with his titles, His Holiness was given special duties on many occasions. One of them was to be the advisor and guardian of the present monarch, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, when he was ordained as a Bhikkhu at Wat Bovoranives Vihara in 1956 (B.E. 2499).

Later on, when HRH Crown Prince Mahavajiralongkorn was ordained as a Bhikkhu in 1978 (B.E.2521), His Holiness was also the Crown Prince Bhikkhu’s instructor and advisor on monastic codes of discipline and the Buddha’s teaching.

Having held important ecclesiastical titles through out his lifetime, His Holiness performed duties that were of great benefit to the religion, the nation and its people. Thus, he was a great monk who achieved great honours for himself and for the benefit of others. That made him a highly respected person both for Buddhists and for the kingdom.

His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara was highly revered even among Buddhists in foreign countries. As such, the Myanmar Government bestowed upon him the title of “Abhidhaja Maharattha Guru”, the highest ecclesiastical title of the Myanmar Sangha.

The Buddhist Summit, World Buddhist Supreme Conference, along with the Supreme Buddhist leaders of 40 countries in September 2012 also bestowed upon him the title of “Supreme Holiness of World Buddhism”.

His Holiness celebrated reaching his 100th birthday on the 3rd of October, 2013. This made him the longest living Supreme Patriarch in the history of Thailand. Moreover, he was the longest reigning Supreme Patriarch in Thai history with 24 years in the position of the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand. This was indeed a delightful occasion for Thai Buddhists. As a tribute, on the auspicious occasion of His Holiness 100th Birthday Anniversary the Thai government, the Sangha and all Thai Buddhists together celebrated a week long celebration from 1-7 October 2013. The nationwide celebration was made possible due to the Royal Patronage of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

His Holiness’s health began to wane in 2000, when he was 87 years of age, making it difficult for him to perform the duties of his office. On February 20, His Holiness was admitted to the Vajiranyan Samaggibayabarn building of the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Initially, His Holiness made frequent visits to Wat Bovoranives Vihara and attended some offi cial activities elsewhere too. These visits were timed to coincide with the lunar observance days, especially the fortnightly recitation of the Monastic Code (Patimokkha), which falls on the full new moon day of each month. Later, in 2007, the team of physicians attending His Holiness observed a decline in his health, and therefore, requested that he discontinue any further visits to Wat Bovoranives Vihara and elsewhere.

On 13 October 2013, His Holiness’ condition worsened. The team of physicians, after discussing his case, decided that His Holiness required an operation on the large and small intestines. The operation was successful and stabilized his condition.

On October 21, His Holiness’ blood pressure began to drop, but increased at certain points throughout the day. On October 24 his diastolic blood pressure dropped but stabilized at 20. Subsequently, at 7.30 pm his blood pressure plummeted to zero. Ten minutes later the physicians offi cially announced the demise of His Holiness, Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara, the 19th Supreme Patriarch of the Kingdom of Thailand.

He was 100 years and 21 days of age.


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Bibliography

• What did the Buddha teach? Wat Bovoranives Vihara, 1967.

• Faith in Buddhism. The Office of the Supreme Patriarch’s Secretary, 1993.

• Rudiments of Mental Collectedness. Wat Bovoranives Vihara, 1990.

• The People’s Monk: Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara,
the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand. 2009.

• A Guide of Awareness. Wat Bovoranives Vihara, 1990.

• The Mind-City. 2009.

• Miscelleneous writings and speeches


โพสที่ยังไม่ได้อ่าน เมื่อ: 26 มี.ค. 2016, 20:52 
 
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รูปภาพ

On the 3rd October, 1913 (B.E. 2456) in Kanchanaburi Province
of West of Thailand Mr. Noi and Mrs Kimnoi Gajavatra gave
birth to their fi rst son named ‘Charurn’ which means ‘prosperity.’
Charurn lost his father at the age of nine and he was raised
by his aunt Kimheng.


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“The Buddhist religion has a method of reverence which should
be know from the very beginning, namely, reverence for the
Lord Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha as the Three
Refuges. Therefore, people who revere the Buddhist religion
with faith and devotion have a true refuge which is certain;
they are not forsaken (without refuge). Regarding other
religions, they mostly teach people only to revere deities as
refuge. The Buddhist religion does not refute heavenly beings,
but does not teach people only to revere deities, because
heavenly beings still have defilements and fear in the same
way as ordinary humans do; they still have mental conditions
similar to ordinary people. The Lord Buddha extinguished
all defilements and fear, thus He is a refuge which transcends
the calamities of both heavenly and human beings; He is the
Great Teacher of both groups. Most Teachers or Prophets teach
humans to bind themselves as slaves to the deity; to surrender
their beliefs to the deity as a slave submits absolutely to his
master’s orders. The Lord Buddha is the only Teacher who
totally freed humans from slavery. He was a human who
revered human knowledge and capabilities; He proclaimed the
liberty and rights of all humans, including all sentient beings,
because it is not only humans who have the right to life or
happiness; all sentient beings have their own rights as well.”

Faith in Buddhism


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รูปภาพ

Kanchanaburi (childhood): Being a young playful boy and from the experiences
at the temples, Charurn will innovate games that mimic some of the religious
ceremonies. He loved to pretend to be a monk teaching Dhamma using
elongated palm leaves, or used them as a talipot fan.


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“Everyone wants to be happy and no one wants to suffer.
But why are people still suffering and unable to do away
with their own sufferings themselves? Sometimes,
the more they try to get rid of them, the more they suffer.
This is because they do not know what is the true cause
of suffering and what is the true cause of happiness.
If they knew, they would be successful. In overcoming
suffering in creating the cause of happiness.
One of the important obstacles to this success is
one’s own heart. Because we comply too much with
the dictates of our hearts, we have to suffer.”

What did the Buddha Teach


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รูปภาพ

Kanchanburi (1926): His Holiness gave up his mundane life for the Path of
Dhamma when he was 14 years of age. During the first year as a novice monk,
Charurn studied hard and practised all he learnt including the chanting.
At night, while Novice Charurn massaged Luang Phoe’s legs and arms, the latter
would recite Dhamma, making the novice learned all the teachings by heart.
This traditional method of bestowal of the Dhamma
has been practised since ancient times.


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“Human beings require some rest. Our bodies
need rest and sleep. Our minds also must be given time to
be empty. If they are at work all the time, we cannot sleep.
Among those who take pleasure in forms and sounds
there are, for example, some who are fond of good music;
but, if they were compelled to listen to music too long,
the lovely music constantly sounding in their ears would
become a torment. They would run away from it and long
for a return of silence or tranquillity. Our mind requires
such tranquillity for a considerable time every day. This is
rest for the mind or in other words the extinction of desire
which, in fact, amounts to elimination of suffering.
Therefore, if one really understands that elimination of
suffering is nothing but keeping the mind at rest and
that rest is a mental nourishment which is needed
every day, then one will begin to understand
the meaning of Nirodha.”

What did the Buddha Teach


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รูปภาพ

Kanchanaburi (1926): The first chapter Luang Phoe taught was Ariya Dhana
(Noble Treasures) and Charurn could memorise the entire chapter in a
very short time. Having mastered this, Charurn was able to conduct his first
public sermon in the first year of his monastic life. Charurn preached with
deep understanding and fluently to the public and every word of his
first sermon was recorded in his personal diary.


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“There are two main objectives in the development of
collectedness of mind: one is to neutralise or counterbalance
the effect of the present arising of feelings and disturbances
and the other is to develop more comprehensive mental
collectedness so that disturbances do not arise in the future.
Regarding the first objective, the feeling or the disturbance
arising in the mind is sometimes the feeling of sensual love.
As the feeling of love distracts the mind and disturbs one’s
mental evenness, one must learn to quieten one’s mind
in the face of sensual love which is detrimental to study
or work to be done as well as to keeping oneself within the
boundaries of the law and morality. This is one of the things
taught by Lord Buddha: one must learn to have a
controlled mind so that it will not be disturbed by
attachment to any feelings. Sometimes anger arises in the
mind, heating it up and agitating it. This feeling is also
dangerous as it is detrimental to one’s mental development.
Thus one should learn to always be collected and to be able
to quieten the mind in times of anger. Sometimes delusion
comes up; this defilement may appear as dreamy
drowsiness, as fretful irritability or as mental uncertainty.
One should learn to develop mental collectedness
and free one’s mind from delusion.”

Rudiments of Mental Collectedness


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รูปภาพ

Although he began his novicehood just to fulfil the vow, yet he embraced
the teaching and flourished in that chaste life. In 1927, he was sent to study Pali
at Wat Senha in Nakhorn Pathom Province and later at Wat Bovoranives Vihara,
Bangkok. His teacher had made up his mind to have him trained as a teacher,
and also to build a school while awaiting the return of his student.


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“Some people believe that Buddhism is pessimistic
in outlook because its teachings deal only with suffering
and are of so high a standard that ordinary people are
unable to practice it because it advocates extinction of
desire, which is very difficult to accomplish. Since such
misunderstanding exists, clarification is necessary
before the Noble Truths can be dealt with.
The Buddhist religion is neither wholly pessimistic
nor wholly optimistic. It derives its outlook from truth,
i.e. truth which can only be understood through
a combination of insight and purity of mind.”

What did the Buddha Teach


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รูปภาพ

Life away far from his birthplace was not lonely as Charurn was quick in
making friends and cherished the comradeship with dozens of monastic friends,
monks and novices, at Wat Senha. Many photos capturing the happy shared moments
with these friends were neatly kept in his photo albums. The captions
he wrote under some photos read ‘Always kind and thoughtful,’
‘Studied together long and closely.’


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